ANALYSIS OF THE REDEVELOPMENT LAND AGENCY DECISION
TO SELECT REDEVELOPERS FOR PARCEL 27 AND PARCEL 29
IN THE 14TH STREET URBAN RENEWAL AREA

I. Background and Description of Process

A. Statutory Charge of the Redevelopment Land Agency

On October 5, 1998, the Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD), on behalf of the District of Columbia Redevelopment Land Agency (RLA), issued a Request for Proposals, which was approved by the RLA and the Council of District of Columbia, for Parcels 15, 24, 26, 27, 29, and 38 in the Fourteenth Street Urban Renewal Area. Development of this area is governed by the Urban Renewal Plan, originally adopted on December 17, 1969 and expiring on December 17, 1999.

The Board of Directors of the RLA ("Board") is statutorily charged to consider sociological and obsolescent layouts in areas where it has holdings. The Board is also statutorily charged to ensure public participation in planning and financing the development. Pursuant to these statutory charges, in the Columbia Heights matter, the Board defined the sociological and public participatory factors to include: (1) the need for expedited development in Columbia Heights; (2) the desires of the community as expressed in the Urban Renewal Plan, the charrette and the public hearings; (3) the changing nature of the regional and national economy and the potential impact of these changes on the neighborhood; (4) the potential short- term and long-term benefits of the various development schemes for the entire city; and (5) the needs of the neighborhood, especially its capacity for density prior to the civil unrest, after the civil unrest, and in its current configuration.

1. Expedited Action

Columbia Heights residents who participated in the RLA public process overwhelmingly stated the need for expedited action by the Board. To this end, the Board established an aggressive time- frame for action. While the need for new Board members to fill the 3 vacant slots on the 5- person Board required a delay in the decision, the Board, once reconstituted, established an aggressive time-frame for decision-making. In light of the urging of citizens, the Ward's council member, potential developers and non- profit organizations, the Board imposed a September 9th deadline on itself which it publicly announced at its August 4th meeting.

2. Desires of the Community

The Board established and followed a community impact process that included: a charrette to document desires of the community; public hearings with the developers; citizen hearings at the RLA office and in the community; and public mark-up of the draft ERA with the developers present. These efforts were intended to create an open participatory process that included community input; however, the Board in no way intended to abdicate its responsibility of considering additional factors beyond community desires such as the economic viability and likelihood of long-term success of the project schemes.

3. Changing Nature of Economy

The Board carried out its statutory sociological review by considering, among other things, the various development schemes and how they kept pace with the changing needs of a dynamic, cross roads community like Columbia Heights. That is, what would be the retail, entertainment, and service needs of working and middle class families and singles in a multi-generation, multiracial community into the next century? What types of jobs were likely to be held by residents and how could this development complement them? How could the Metro station best be used to strengthen the community?

4. Needs of the City

In considering other sociological factors, the Board weighed the potential impact the development could have for the City as a whole: For instance, what was the need for services, entertainment, family friendly activities, arts, and community space? Which services were provided elsewhere, and which had to be provided specifically in Columbia Heights? How would the projects encourage street life, affect safety concerns and encourage the utilization of public transportation?

6.[sic] Needs of the Neighborhood

The Board understood that Columbia Heights is more than just a neighborhood in Washington. Prior to the 1968 civil unrest, it was a principal retail thoroughfare in the city. Some reports show that rents per square foot were comparable to those on lower Connecticut Avenue as late as 1967.

The Board recognized that with a booming national economy, a soaring regional economy and a significantly reviving local economy, it was time to rebuild this once vibrant, dynamic and central retail core to meet the needs of the future generations of urban dwellers. In doing so, the RLA chose not look to rebuild the retail of the past, but the retail and entertainment of the future. The Board would look to ensure that mistakes of the past - exclusion and limited local resident ownership - were not replicated. They would embrace the multi-cultural, age- diverse and mixed income resident population that Columbia Heights has always had and has retained, despite its 30 year deprivation of services. The Board believed it had a strong foundation to build upon and the community and the economy were ready for bold initiative. In selecting DC-USA and Tivoli Partners, the RLA Board believes it has accomplished this objective.

B. History of the Columbia Heights Redevelopment Process

A majority of the parcels being offered were the subject of a previous offering dating back to November 1979 and had been held by an uncommitted developer until his termination by the Board in November 1996 and his release of his agreement with the RLA by a settlement dated July 27, 1998. Partially in recognition of the community's sense of deprivation for having development denied them for nearly 20 years, the Board insisted that any new offering document be based, to the greatest extent possible, on the needs and desires of the community. To implement this goal, a community charrette was held in November 1997 that involved over 300 community residents and 30 design professionals. The charrette sessions resulted in the development in March 1998 of the "Columbia Heights Metro Station Area Community-Based Plan."

According to the Urban Renewal Plan, the allowable uses for parcels 15, 26, 27 and 29 include apartment houses, retail and personal service establishments, restaurants, commercial service establishments, general offices, department stores and shopping centers, theaters and commercial entertainment establishments, and community and public uses. The allowable uses for parcels 24 and 38 include apartment houses, service establishments such as retail and personal services for the day-to-day needs of residents, and community uses and offices and headquarters for non-profit organizations. These uses, as well as the Community-Based Plan, served as input into the development of the Prospectus and Request for Proposals.

1. Prospectus Criteria

The Prospectus included seven key criteria against which the RLA would evaluate the proposals.

  1. Experience of the Development Team
  2. Financial ability
  3. Development program; additional weight given for
  4. Minority participation in development
  5. Equal opportunity for local, small, and disadvantaged business enterprises
  6. Special considerations (meeting the needs of Bell Multicultural High School, supporting historical preservation)

2. Selection Process

On March 1, 1999, four development entities submitted proposals for the sites offered for development in the Request for Proposals. (Developers submitted proposals for parcels 15, 26, 27 and 29. No proposals were submitted for parcels 24 or 38.) Interviews with each of the four offerors were scheduled for April 1, 1999, which allowed a month for the Board, its staff, and other relevant District agencies to review the proposals which ranged in length from just under 100 pages to well over 300 pages.

On April 1, 1999, the Board conducted public interviews of the four teams which began at 10 a.m. and lasted until nearly 3 p.m. On April 15, 1999, also at a public meeting, each development team made follow-up presentations and the public was given an opportunity to voice its thoughts on the subject. The meeting began shortly after 10 a.m. and did not conclude until after 5 p.m.

It was the intent of the Board to select a developer(s) at one of its May 1999 meetings. At that time the Board consisted of three members, the minimum necessary for a quorum enabling it to act. In late April 1999, one of the Board members retired and moved from the area, thereby disqualifying herself from continuing as a Board member. The RLA Board, mandated by federal enabling legislation as a five member Board, was now reduced to two sitting members. Those members, cognizant of the significance of this decision to the City and to the Columbia Heights community and after careful consideration of all legal concerns, made a conscious determination to ensure the review and decision-making process was reflective of the newly elected Williams Administration. In response to the request of the sitting Board, Mayor Anthony A. Williams expeditiously appointed three new members. Each of these members was carefully screened by the Office of Boards and Commissions on the basis of proven professional credentials and commitment to work for the good of the District and its communities. Finally, the

Council of the District of Columbia through its confirmation process, carefully interviewed and voted to confirm the Mayoral appointees.

The new Board members joined on June 30, 1999. They were briefed by the sitting Board members and RLA staff. The new members contributed substantial time and resources in reviewing each proposal and reviewed the voluminous transcripts of public testimony presented by developers and community residents at public hearings conducted by the RLA prior to their appointment. Thereafter, an additional public hearing was held so that the new Board members could interview the developers. The full Board then required the developers to answer an additional set of questions.

3. Additional Due Diligence

Because of the importance and sensitivity of this redevelopment decision, the Board took a number of steps beyond its usual procedure to ensure its decision was fully informed.

a. Independent Consultants

The Board engaged an independent consulting firm, RER Economic Consultants, to assist in understanding and evaluating the varied and complicated financing schemes proposed by some of the developers.

b. Site Visits

The Board at its own expense visited several development projects that were built, under construction, and planned to be built by each of the offerors. The Board met with government officials, community organizations, tenants, bankers, and visited each one of the development projects. The intent of these visits was to have a direct appreciation of the quality of the developments and the level of commitment of the developers as it related to financing the projects, community participation, relationships with government agencies, community partners, development schedules and other aspects of the development. The following visits were conducted:

Atlantic Center, developed by Forest City Ratner Companies in Brooklyn, New York Harlem USA, developed by DC-USA (Grid Properties) in Harlem, New York, Jump Street USA, proposed development by DC-USA (Grid Properties) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Addison Plaza, developed by Horning Brothers in Seat Pleasant, Maryland Seven Corners, developed by Saul Group in Falls Church, Virginia

Based upon the Board's review of all of the documentation and interactions with the consultants, a series of additional questions were sent to each development team requesting specific information and additional documentation to verify the market demand and support for the project each developer proposed.

c. Pre-selection Community Forum

On August 4, 1999, the Board held a community forum in the affected community to receive additional community input. An estimated 300 - 400 people attended this three hour evening meeting. On August 19, 1999, the Board held a second round of interviews with all of the prospective redevelopers and the developers responded to the follow-up questions submitted to them in July 1999.

d. Meetings with Other Agencies

The RLA Board - understanding the complexity of the development of these sites as well as the need to coordinate and understand its impact on other agency plans - held several meetings and briefings with the following agencies:

D.C. Office of Planning, to review and understand the existing and proposed land uses, marketing and demographic trends, zoning and other planning issues in Columbia Heights, and the relationship the proposed developments would have to development and land uses in other parts of the city;

D.C. Department of Finance and Revenue, to review and understand government financing and the. impact of the proposed level of government financing required by each developer. This included discussions about tax increment financing (TIF), tax-exempt financing, Industrial Revenue Bonds, etc;

D.C. Historic Preservation Office, to review and understand the impact of the proposed developments on Historic Designated properties such as the Tivoli Theater;

D.C. Office of Corporation Counsel, to review and understand legal issues related to the proposed developments, such as condemnation of properties, and potential law suits by third parties;

D.C. Department of Public Works, to review the impact of the proposed developments and issues related to traffic circulation, parking, public infrastructure, and Metro;

D.C. Public Schools, to review the impact of the proposed development on Bell Multicultural High School and also to obtain information about the future plans for Bell and Lincoln Junior High School;

D.C. Metropolitan Police Department, to review the impact of the proposed developments on public safety, to discuss crime in the area and its impact on present and future businesses, and also to obtain information on future steps that the police department would take to ensure safety to businesses and to the community; and

The Deputy Mayor for Planning and Economic Development, to review the Office's - overall economic development policies and their relationship to the proposals for the redevelopment of Columbia Heights.

These meetings were held with the participation of high officials and technical staff of each agency.

4. Selection of the Prospective Developers

Following comprehensive review and analysis of all of the testimony and documentation submitted, and development of an evaluation/ranking system to determine which proposals most closely fulfilled the selection criteria contained in the Request for Proposals, on September 9, 1999, the Board of Directors of the RLA, by unanimous vote, selected DC-USA Operating Co., LLC as developer for Parcel 27 and Tivoli Partners as developer for Parcel 29.

II. Basis for the RLA's Decision

Four offerors submitted proposals for the Columbia Heights Metro Station Area parcels. In alphabetical order, they were:

  1. DC-USA Operating Company, for parcel 27
  2. Forest City Washington Square Association ("Forest City"), for parcels 15, 26, 27 and 29
  3. Saul Centers, Inc., for parcel 27
  4. Tivoli Partners, for parcel 29

No offers were submitted for parcels 24 or 38.

A. Summary of Decision

As stated above, there were seven key criteria for evaluating the competing proposals. Based on the following comparison of the proposals against these criteria - most significantly DC-USA and Tivoli Partners' commitments from tenants, strong minority and community-based organization participation, and more realistic development program - the Board of Directors of the RLA, by unanimous vote, selected DC-USA Operating Co., LLC as developer for parcel 27 and Tivoli Partners as developer for parcel 29. The RLA found the proposal for parcel 15 to be unacceptable because of its speculative nature regarding the future market for office space, and it found the proposal for a movie theater development on parcel 26 to be a redundant use given that the winning offer for parcel 27 also included movie theaters. While at the outset there was a range of opinions regarding the merits of the proposals, through a deliberative process and evaluation, the Board arrived at a unanimous decision regarding each of the individual parcels.

While the Board recognizes that the awards do not meet every use called for in the community charrette, the development process embodied in the Exclusive Rights Agreement and Land Disposition Agreement offer further opportunities for further community input to the final design and development of the awarded parcels. The Board in fact directed that the ERAs for parcels 27 and 29 be redrafted to require the developer to respond to each community comment raised during the development process. The RLA also will offer a Request for Expression of Interest for parcels 15, 24, 26 and 38, to obtain direct input and to test the interest of the development community as it relates to the uses and marketability of all sites in the Columbia Heights area. The RLA recognizes that a staged development - one in which parcels 15, 24, 26 and 38 were not awarded for immediate redevelopment - would benefit Columbia Heights by allowing the recommended uses for the additional parcels to reflect changes in market conditions brought about by the development of parcels 27 and 29. The RLA thus hopes to expedite the development of all available parcels in a feasible manner that reflects future market conditions and meets community needs and desires.

B. Point-by-Point Comparison of Proposals Against the Seven Key Criteria

1. Experience of the Development Team

         Key finding: The Board determined that each development team had the requisite experience in large developments. Forest City has a longer history of the particular kind of development it offered for Columbia Heights than does DC-USA and Tivoli Partners.

2. Financial ability

          Key finding: RLA determined that each developer has sufficient financial resources to complete the project. Both DC-USA and Forest City asked for a high level of public subsidy for their projects, but DC-USA and Tivoli Partners offered a higher percentage of equity in their respective developments than do Forest City or Saul Centers.

3. Development program

         Key finding: Tivoli Partners presented the most financially feasible and fully developed development program for parcel 29; DC-USA presented the most family-oriented development program for parcel 27; and both offered sustained financial benefits to the community through the ownership stake of a community-based organization. The Board determined the development program for parcel 15 needed further substantiation.

4. Design concept

Key finding: DC-USA, Forest City, and Tivoli Partners all proposed designs that met the vision of Columbia Heights as expressed in the charrette. Saul Centers ' proposal was considered too low-density for the area. An Advisory Architectural Review Panel will review each development phase of the architectural design of the successful offeror(s) and provide further comment.

5. Minority participation in development

Key finding: Among the offerors, only DC-USA and Tivoli Partners met or exceeded the 25% minority participation guideline. Tivoli Partners ' minority participation is all locally-based. DC- USA and Tivoli Partners further included local and nonprofit, community-based equity partners.

6. Equal opportunity for local, small, and disadvantaged business enterprises

          Key finding: DC-USA 's estimate of job creation was the highest for parcel 27. All proposals would offer similar opportunities for local, small, and disadvantaged business enterprises with regard to construction and retail tenants which would increase with increased density of development.

-   DC-USA estimated it would create 1,300 permanent jobs on parcel 27.

-   Forest City estimated it would create 1,193 permanent jobs for parcels 26, 27 and 29 combined.

-   Saul Centers did not provide estimates.

7. Special considerations

          Key finding: The RLA determined that support for Bell Multicultural High School is not a major factor in the decision because of Bell 's stated consideration of plans for relocation, and that the Tivoli Partners ' proposal for parcel 29 was stronger in terms of marketability and financial viability while respecting the historic preservation of the Tivoli facade on 14th Street and Park Road N. W.

Consideration of these factors led the RLA to award parcel 29 to Tivoli Partners. Following that decision, and also in consideration of its higher density and stronger family orientation, the RLA awarded parcel 27 to DC-USA.